I te wā e mahi ana te transistor, ka puta he awa kōhao, i te wā e puta ai he paparanga hiko takirua i puta mai i te cation.
Kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kairangahau o Te Whare Wānanga o Seoul tētahi transistor hiko matū tino iti te ngaohiko e taea ai te mahi i te tukatuka tohu, te mahara me te tukunga mārama i roto i tētahi taputapu haurua kotahi i te wā kotahi. Mā te whakauru i tētahi whakarei kawe-katote ki roto i te hongere haurua polymer e tuku-mārama ana, i taea ai e te tīma te hanganga paparanga-rua hiko i te atanga irahiko whakaheke, e taea ai te werohanga irahiko whai hua me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki ngā ngaohiko teitei, ki te tāpiri momo-n kore pumau rānei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā huarahi tuku iho.
Nā reira, i puritia e te taputapu tētahi hanganga paparanga kotahi-kaha ngāwari, me te whakatutuki i te mahi ngaohiko iti me te tukunga mārama whānui, e piri ana ki te wāhi, me te mahi tukatuka tohu neuromorphic.
Kua whakaputaina te mahi i roto i te puka Nature Materials.
Kei te tere whanake haere ngā taputapu hiko mau, neke atu i ngā mataaratanga atamai me ngā mōhiti atamai, ki ngā tūāpapa ngāwari-whakamahi o te whakatipuranga e whai ake nei, me te whānui haere ki ngā taputapu ā-kiri me ngā taputapu whakatō.
Ina koa, ko ngā taputapu ka taea te mau ki te kiri, me ngā hangarau haurua-ira whakauru e whakakotahi ana i ngā mahi pūoko, tukatuka tohu, mahara me te whakaatu i roto i te tūāpapa kotahi, e kiia ana ko ngā hangarau matua hei whakahohe i te tiaki hauora o te whakatipuranga e whai ake nei me te umanga hikohiko a meake nei.
Nō nā tata nei, kua neke atu ngā taputapu hiko e taea te mau i te kimi tohu koiora noa iho ki te tukatuka tohu me te whakaaturanga wā-tūturu.
Heoi, tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, ko te tikanga o te whakatinanatanga o ēnei mahi he whakamahi i ngā taputapu hono motuhake, ā, ka hua ake he hanganga uaua, he wāhanga nunui, he wāhanga pakari, me te nui o te whakapaunga hiko. Nō reira, kua waiho hei wero nui te whakauru i ngā mahi maha ki roto i tētahi hoahoa taputapu māmā.
1. He aha i ngoikore ai ngā taputapu o nāianei
Kua arohia ngā transistors rama-whakaputa rauropi hei kaitono whaihua mō ngā hikohiko ka taea te mau i te whakatipuranga e whai ake nei nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakakotahi i ngā mahi transistor me te diode rama-whakaputa i roto i te taputapu kotahi.
Heoi, ko ngā transistors waro tikanga me te hanganga hiko taha e hiahia ana ki ngā ngaohiko whakahaere teitei o te 80 ki te 180 V nā te tawhiti roa i waenga i ngā hiko me te arai werohanga hiko nui.
Ahakoa te whakamahinga o te tāpiringa katote hikohiko hei whakaiti i te ngaohiko whakahaere, e hiahiatia tonutia ana neke atu i te 3.5 V, ā, ka noho whaiti tonu, ka koretake hoki te rohe tukunga, ka whakawhāiti i te whakamahinga mahi i roto i ngā whakaaturanga tūturu me ngā pūnaha hiko atamai ka taea te mau.
2. Te mahi a te transistor hou
I whakawhanakehia e te tīma rangahau tētahi transistor rama-whakaputa hiko tino iti-ngaohiko e whakauru ana i te tukatuka tohu, te mahara me te tukunga rama i roto i tētahi transistor rauropi kotahi.
Mā te whakauru i tētahi whakarei ake i te kawe-katote ki roto i te paparanga hohe hei whakaoho i te hanganga paparanga-takirua hiko i te atanga irahiko, i whakaurua e te tīma tētahi tikanga hou mō te werohanga irahiko whai hua, me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki ngā ngaohiko teitei, ki te tāpiringa kore pumau rānei e whakamahia ana i ngā huarahi tuku iho.
Nā tēnei i taea ai te tuku mārama ahakoa ngā ngaohiko < 3.5 V, i whakaarohia i mua he iti rawa mō te mahi, me te pupuri tonu i te rohe tuku whānui, pumau hoki.
I whakaatuhia hoki e te taputapu ngā āhuatanga tukatuka tohu me te mahara, me te kohikohi i ngā urupare i raro i ngā whakaohooho auau, ā, i puritia tonutia i roto i te wā, ā, i whakaaturia anō i roto i tētahi pūnaha whakaaturanga kakahu ngāwari e whakakahangia ana e ngā pākahiko 1.5 V e rua anake.
E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau ka taea te whakatutuki i te tukunga mārama pumau me te mahi atamai i te wā kotahi ahakoa i roto i tētahi hoahoa paparanga kotahi-kaha ngāwari, ka nui ake te whakawhānui i te pūmanawa o ngā transistors waro mō ngā tono mau.
3. Ngā pānga pea ki ngā taputapu mau
He mea nui tēnei rangahau nā te mea ka whakauruhia te tukatuka tohu, te mahara me te tukunga mārama ki roto i te taputapu kotahi, ka whakaiti i ngā herenga o ngā pūnaha hiko mau tikanga e hiahia ana kia hangaia, kia honoa hoki ngā wāhanga maha.
Mā te whakaatu anō hoki i ngā urupare ā-pūmau me te pupuri ki ngā whakaohooho whakauru, e whakaatu ana i te pūmanawa o ngā hikohiko o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei ka taea te tukatuka i ngā mōhiohio me te whakaatu tonu i te hua mā te mārama.
Ahakoa he uaua ki ngā kaiwhakamahi te tirotiro i ngā tohu ine i te wā tūturu i a rātou e neke ana mā ngā taputapu mau noa, e tohu ana tēnei hangarau ki te aroturukitanga wā tūturu me te tuku mōhiohio tonu.
E tūmanakohia ana kia whakawhānuihia ki ngā tono pēnei i te whakaora tinana, te tiaki tūroro ohorere, te aroturuki i ngā korikori tinana, ngā hikohiko ki te kiri me te tiaki hauora atamai, ā, ka noho pea hei hangarau matua mō ngā ahumahi e pā ana.
Kua whakaatu a Ahorangi Tae-Woo Lee i tōna kaha ki te whakataetae rangahau o te ao mā roto i ngā whakaputanga rangahau i roto i te Science and Nature i te tau 2026.
Kei tua atu tēnei mahi i ngā taputapu tuku mārama tuku iho mā te whakauru i te tuku mārama, te tukatuka tohu me ngā mahi mahara ki roto i tētahi taputapu haurua-ira kotahi i te ngaohiko iti, e whakaatu ana i tētahi aronga hou mō ngā hikohiko atamai hei mau i te whakatipuranga e whai ake nei.
I mea atu a Ahorangi Tae-Woo Lee, te kaiārahi o te rangahau, "He tino whai tikanga tēnei mahi nā te mea e whakaatu ana ka taea te whakauru i ngā mahi katoa ki roto i tētahi taputapu haurua-ira kotahi, me te kore e hiahiatia kia hanga motuhaketia, kia honoa hoki ngā waeine tukatuka, mahara, me te whakaatu."
I tāpiri atu ia, "I ngā rā kei te heke mai, kei te whakamahere mātou ki te whakawhanake ake i tēnei hangarau hei tūāpapa haurua-kiri e tika ana mō te kiri horihori atamai me te tiaki hauora ka taea te mau."
He mea nui anō hoki tēnei hangarau nā te mea e neke atu ana i ngā haurua-whakaputa mārama tuku iho mā te whakaatu i te maha o ngā mahi i roto i tētahi taputapu haurua-whakaputa ngaohiko iti kotahi.
I tēnei tikanga, he huarahi hou tēnei mō ngā taputapu hiko atamai ka taea te mau ki te kiri, e āhei ai te taunekeneke tūturu i waenga i te tangata me ngā mīhini.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-22-2026