He tohu nui te SoC (System on Chip) me te SiP (System in Package) i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā ara iahiko whakauru hou, e āhei ai te whakaiti, te whai hua, me te whakauru i ngā pūnaha hiko.
1. Ngā Whakamāramatanga me ngā Ariā Taketake o te SoC me te SiP
SoC (Pūnaha i runga i te Maramara) - Te whakauru i te pūnaha katoa ki roto i te maramara kotahi
He rite te SoC ki tētahi whare teitei, ā, kua hangaia, kua whakauruhia hoki ngā waeine mahi katoa ki roto i te maramara tinana kotahi. Ko te whakaaro matua o te SoC he whakauru i ngā wāhanga matua katoa o tētahi pūnaha hiko, tae atu ki te tukatuka (CPU), te mahara, ngā waeine whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā ara iahiko anaro, ngā atanga pūoko, me ētahi atu waeine mahi, ki roto i tētahi maramara kotahi. Ko ngā painga o te SoC kei roto i tōna taumata whakaurunga teitei me te rahi iti, e whakarato ana i ngā painga nui ki te mahi, te whakapaunga hiko, me ngā rahi, e tino pai ana mō ngā hua mahi-teitei, tairongo-hiko. Ko ngā tukatuka i roto i ngā waea atamai Apple he tauira o ngā maramara SoC.
Hei tauira, he rite te SoC ki tētahi "whare nui" i roto i tētahi tāone nui, kei reira ngā mahi katoa e hangaia ana i roto, ā, he rite ngā momo kōwae mahi ki ngā papa rerekē: ko ētahi he wāhi tari (ngā tukatuka), ko ētahi he wāhi whakangahau (te mahara), ā, ko ētahi he whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (ngā atanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero), e kohikohi katoa ana i roto i te whare kotahi (maramara). Mā tēnei ka taea e te pūnaha katoa te whakahaere i runga i tētahi maramara silicon kotahi, ka eke ki te pai me te mahi teitei ake.
SiP (Pūnaha i roto i te Mōkihi) - Te whakakotahi i ngā maramara rerekē
He rerekē te huarahi o te hangarau SiP. He rite tonu ki te tākai i ngā maramara maha me ngā mahi rerekē i roto i te kete tinana kotahi. Ka arotahi ki te whakakotahi i ngā maramara mahi maha mā te hangarau tākai, kaua ki te whakauru i a rātou ki roto i te maramara kotahi pērā i te SoC. Mā te SiP ka taea te tākai taha-taha i ngā maramara maha (ngā tukatuka, ngā mahara, ngā maramara RF, me ētahi atu) ki roto rānei i te kōwae kotahi, ka hanga he otinga taumata-pūnaha.
Ka taea te whakarite i te ariā o te SiP ki te huihui i tētahi pouaka taputapu. Ka taea te whakauru i ngā taputapu rerekē ki roto i te pouaka taputapu, pērā i ngā tīwiri, ngā hama, me ngā wiri. Ahakoa he taputapu motuhake ēnei, kua whakakotahihia katoatia ki roto i te pouaka kotahi kia watea ai te whakamahi. Ko te painga o tēnei huarahi ko te taea te whakawhanake me te whakaputa motuhake i ia taputapu, ā, ka taea hoki te "huihui" ki roto i tētahi kete pūnaha e hiahiatia ana, e whakarato ana i te ngāwari me te tere.
2. Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau me ngā Rerekētanga i waenga i te SoC me te SiP
Ngā Rerekētanga o te Tikanga Whakauru:
SoC: He rite tonu te hoahoa o ngā momo mahi rerekē (pēnei i te CPU, te mahara, te I/O, me ētahi atu) ki te maramara silicon kotahi. He rite tonu te tukanga me te arorau hoahoa o ngā momo katoa, ka hangaia he pūnaha whakauru.
SiP: Ka taea te hanga i ngā maramara mahi rerekē mā te whakamahi i ngā tukanga rerekē, kātahi ka whakakotahihia ki roto i te kōwae takai kotahi mā te whakamahi i te hangarau takai 3D hei hanga i tētahi pūnaha ā-tinana.
Te Uauatanga me te Ngāwari o te Hoahoa:
SoC: Nā te mea kua whakauruhia ngā kōwae katoa ki roto i te maramara kotahi, he tino uaua te hoahoa, inā koa mō te hoahoa tahi o ngā kōwae rerekē pēnei i te mamati, te anaro, te RF, me te mahara. Me whai pūkenga hoahoa hōhonu ngā kaihangarau. Heoi anō, ki te mea he raruraru hoahoa kei roto i tētahi kōwae i roto i te SoC, me hanga anō pea te maramara katoa, ā, he nui ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki tēnei.
SiP: He rerekē, he nui ake te ngāwari o te hoahoa a SiP. Ka taea te hoahoa me te manatoko motuhake i ngā kōwae mahi rerekē i mua i te tākai ki roto i tētahi pūnaha. Mena ka puta he raruraru ki tētahi kōwae, ko taua kōwae anake me whakakapi, kaua e pāngia ngā wāhanga kē atu. Mā tēnei ka taea hoki te tere ake o te whanaketanga me te iti ake o ngā mōrearea ki te whakataurite ki te SoC.
Te Hototahitanga o te Tukanga me ngā Wero:
SoC: He nui ngā wero mō te hototahitanga o ngā tukanga ki te whakauru i ngā mahi rerekē pēnei i te mamati, te anaro, me te RF ki roto i tētahi maramara kotahi. He rerekē ngā tukanga hanga e hiahiatia ana mō ngā kōwae mahi rerekē; hei tauira, me whai tukanga tere-teitei, iti-mana ngā ara iahiko mamati, engari me whai mana ngaohiko tika ake pea ngā ara iahiko anaro. He tino uaua te whakatutuki i te hototahitanga i waenga i ēnei tukanga rerekē i runga i te maramara kotahi.
SiP: Mā te hangarau tākai, ka taea e SiP te whakauru i ngā maramara i hangaia mā te whakamahi i ngā tukanga rerekē, hei whakaoti i ngā take hototahi tukanga e pā ana ki te hangarau SoC. Mā te SiP ka taea e ngā maramara kanorau maha te mahi tahi i roto i te kete kotahi, engari he teitei ngā whakaritenga tika mō te hangarau tākai.
Huringa R&D me ngā Utu:
SoC: Nā te mea me hoahoa me te manatoko ngā kōwae katoa mai i te tīmatanga i te SoC, he roa ake te huringa hoahoa. Me whai hoahoa, manatoko, me whakamātautau pakari ia kōwae, ā, ka roa pea te tukanga whakawhanaketanga whānui, ka nui ake ngā utu. Heoi, ina oti te hanga papatipu, ka iti ake te utu o te waeine nā te nui o te whakaurunga.
SiP: He poto ake te huringa R&D mō SiP. Nā te mea ka whakamahia tika e SiP ngā maramara mahi kua whakamanahia mō te takai, ka whakaitihia te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te hoahoa anō o te kōwae. Mā tēnei ka tere ake te whakarewatanga o ngā hua, ā, ka tino whakaitihia ngā utu R&D.
Te Mahi me te Rahi o te Pūnaha:
SoC: Nā te mea kei runga i te maramara kotahi ngā kōwae katoa, ka whakaitihia ngā whakaroa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā ngaronga hiko, me te pokanoa tohu, ka hoatu he painga kore e taea te whakataurite ki te SoC i roto i te mahi me te whakapaunga hiko. He iti noa iho tōna rahi, he mea tino pai mō ngā tono he nui te mahi me ngā whakaritenga hiko, pērā i ngā waea atamai me ngā maramara tukatuka whakaahua.
SiP: Ahakoa kāore te taumata whakauru o te SiP i te teitei pērā i te SoC, ka taea tonu e ia te tākai i ngā maramara rerekē mā te whakamahi i te hangarau tākai maha-paparanga, ka iti ake te rahi ki te whakataurite ki ngā otinga maha-maramara tuku iho. Heoi anō, nā te mea kua tākaihia ngā kōwae ki te tinana, kaua ki te whakauru ki te maramara silicon kotahi, ahakoa kāore pea te mahi e rite ki te SoC, ka taea tonu e ia te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te nuinga o ngā tono.
3. Ngā horopaki tono mō te SoC me te SiP
Ngā horopaki tono mō te SoC:
He pai te SoC mō ngā mara e hiahiatia ana te rahi, te whakapaunga hiko, me te mahi. Hei tauira:
Waea Atamai: Ko ngā tukatuka i roto i ngā waea atamai (pērā i ngā maramara raupapa-A a Apple, i te Snapdragon a Qualcomm rānei) he SoC tino whakauru e whakauru ana i te CPU, te GPU, ngā waeine tukatuka AI, ngā waeine whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ētahi atu, e hiahia ana ki te mahi kaha me te iti o te whakapaunga hiko.
Te Tukatuka Whakaahua: I roto i ngā kāmera mamati me ngā waka rererangi kore-taro, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia e ngā wae tukatuka whakaahua ngā kaha tukatuka whakarara kaha me te iti o te whakaroa, ka taea e te SoC te whakatutuki.
Ngā Pūnaha Whakauru Mahi-Teitei: He tino pai te SoC mō ngā taputapu iti he tino kaha ngā whakaritenga whai hua pūngao, pērā i ngā taputapu IoT me ngā taputapu mau.
Ngā horopaki tono mō te SiP:
He whānui ake ngā āhuatanga tono a SiP, e tika ana mō ngā mara e hiahia ana kia tere te whanaketanga me te whakaurunga maha-mahi, pēnei i:
Ngā Taputapu Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: Mō ngā teihana turanga, ngā pouara, me ētahi atu, ka taea e SiP te whakauru i ngā tukatuka tohu RF me te mamati maha, ka tere ake te huringa whanaketanga hua.
Ngā Hikohiko Kaihoko: Mō ngā hua pēnei i ngā mataaratanga atamai me ngā pane taringa Nihokikorangi, he tere te huringa whakahou, ka taea e te hangarau SiP te tuku tere ake i ngā hua āhuatanga hou.
Ngā Hikohiko Aunoa: Ka taea e ngā kōwae whakahaere me ngā pūnaha radar i roto i ngā pūnaha motuka te whakamahi i te hangarau SiP hei whakauru tere i ngā kōwae mahi rerekē.
4. Ngā Auahatanga Whanaketanga ā-Mārama o te SoC me te SiP
Ngā Auahatanga i roto i te Whakawhanaketanga SoC:
Ka haere tonu te whanaketanga o te SoC ki te whakaurunga teitei ake me te whakaurunga kanorau, ka uru pea ki te whakaurunga nui ake o ngā tukatuka AI, ngā waeine whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G, me ētahi atu mahi, ka akiaki i te whanaketanga tonu o ngā taputapu atamai.
Ngā Auahatanga i roto i te Whakawhanaketanga SiP:
Ka nui haere te whakawhirinaki a SiP ki ngā hangarau tākai matatau, pērā i ngā whanaketanga tākai 2.5D me te 3D, hei tākai piri i ngā maramara me ngā tukanga me ngā mahi rerekē kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te mākete e tere hurihuri ana.
5. Whakamutunga
He rite tonu te SoC ki te hanga i tētahi whare teitei maha-mahi, e whakakotahi ana i ngā waeine mahi katoa ki te hoahoa kotahi, e tika ana mō ngā tono he tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te mahi, te rahi, me te whakapaunga hiko. Ko te SiP, i tētahi atu ringa, he rite ki te "tākai" i ngā maramara mahi rerekē ki roto i tētahi pūnaha, e aro nui ana ki te ngāwari me te whanaketanga tere, he tino pai mō ngā hiko kaihoko e hiahia ana ki ngā whakahoutanga tere. He kaha ō rāua e rua: e aro nui ana te SoC ki te mahi pūnaha tino pai me te arotautanga rahi, ko te SiP ia e whakaatu ana i te ngāwari o te pūnaha me te arotautanga o te huringa whanaketanga.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-28-2024