Ko te wāhanga iti nei e pā ana ki tētahi taputapu hiko iti, ki tētahi wāhanga rānei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko hiko, i ngā pūnaha rānei. Tērā pea he ātete, he pūnga hiko, he diode, he transistor, he wāhanga iti rānei e mahi ana i tētahi mahi motuhake i roto i tētahi pūnaha hiko nui ake. He mea nui ēnei wāhanga iti mō te mahi tika o ngā taputapu hiko, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hangaia papatipuhia, ka whakapirihia ki ngā papa iahiko i te wā o te tukanga hanga.
Raruraru:
Ko ngā rahinga e hiahiatia ana mō te rīpene kawe Ao, Bo, Ko, P2, F me ngā āheinga pumau 0.05mm.
Otinga:
Mō te hanga o te 10,000 mita, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā rahi e hiahiatia ana i roto i te 0.05mm. Heoi, mō te hanga o te 1 miriona mita, me te whakarite kia rite te kounga, i whakawhanakehia e Sinho ngā taputapu tino tika, ā, i whakamahia te pūnaha tirohanga CCD i roto i te tukanga hanga katoa, kia taea ai te kite me te whakakore i ngā hapa/rahi katoa. Nā te kounga pumau, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kiritaki ki runga ake i te 15%.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 17-2023